| 发布时间:2024-11-19 16:05:59 | 来源:中国水利杂志 | 作者: 王浩,等 | 浏览次数: |
南水北调工程水量调度十年 Ten years of water regulation for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project 王浩,王超,张召 (中国水利水电科学研究院,100038,北京) 关键词:南水北调;水量调度;东线;中线;降本增效;数智赋能 作者简介:王浩,中国工程院院士。
南水北调工程是党中央决策建设的重大战略性基础设施,是优化水资源配置、保障群众饮水安全、复苏河湖生态环境、畅通南北经济循环的生命线和大动脉,是世界上规模最大、距离最长、受益人口最多、受益范围最广的调水工程。自南水北调东线一期工程2013年11月15日正式通水和南水北调中线一期工程2014年12月12日正式通水,已历时10年,深入分析南水北调工程水量调度困难和挑战,总结南水北调工程10年水量调度实践经验和成效,展望新阶段南水北调工程水量调度新需求、新问题,有益于进一步提升南水北调工程水量调度科技水平,加快构建国家水网,推动南水北调后续工程高质量发展。
南水北调工程水量调度难度空前 10年南水北调工程水量调度实践成效显著 南水北调工程水量调度新需求


南水北调东线工程通过梯级泵站提水,工程运行成本居高不下。需充分利用沿线洪泽湖等湖泊调蓄作用以及峰谷电价差,优化运行梯级泵站。同时,还要研究工程沿线风电、光伏与梯级泵站联合开发利用方式,探索输水工程风光水互补提水运营模式,实现南水北调工程“低碳”乃至“零碳”运行。

南水北调工程水量调度新问题
经济社会高质量发展、国家水网“绿色智能”目标对调水工程运行管理降本增效需求日趋紧迫,推动“无人值守、智能控制”,提高工程控制精度,减少工程运管成本是实现工程运管降本增效的关键路径。长期以来受工程控制设备可靠性、工程设施设备故障诊断技术水平、工程事故应急处置能力等方面制约,调水工程从自动控制跨越至智能控制,仍面临诸多困难与挑战。随着信息技术跨越式革新,智能控制已在工业制造、交通领域深化应用,无人驾驶、黑灯工厂已从设想变为现实。面对新需求、新形势,南水北调工程作为中国最具标志性的调水工程,亟待融合大数据、边缘计算、人工智能技术和现代控制理论方法,探索调水工程运行“智能体”构建技术,研发工程智能控制算法和装备,推动南水北调工程“无人值守、智能控制”目标从设想变为现实。

展望
从南水北调工程水量调度10年实践经验和成效来看,管理和技术双轮驱动是高质量推进水量调度组织实施的根本路径。构建以《南水北调工程供用水管理条例》为核心的法律法规体系,为南水北调工程水量调度提供根本依据;构建多级协同的调度管理机构,是南水北调工程水量调度的工作基础;建设数智赋能的调度信息化系统,是南水北调工程水量调度的技术支撑。南水北调工程水量调度的成功实践,为我国大型跨流域调水工程水量调度以及未来国家水网调度的组织实施提供了生动的实践案例。在国家水网构建、南水北调后续工程高质量发展的新格局下,针对南水北调工程水量调度面临的新需求、新问题,还需要持续不断开展探索与实践。
Abstract: The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the world’s largest and longest water diversion project, with the largest beneficiary population and widest range of benefits. The scale and difficulty of its water scheduling problem are unprecedented. Since the project has been put into operation for ten years, the state has carried out effective water regulation practices, which provides reliable water resources support for optimizing water resources allocation, ensuring drinking water safety and reviving the ecological environment of rivers and lakes. This paper summarizes the practical experience and significant achievements of water regulation in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project from the perspectives of laws and regulations, institutional mechanisms, and information support capabilities, providing reference and guidance for water regulation of inter-basin water diversion projects and the future national water network regulation. Facing the new changes of the water supply and demand patterns in the source and receiving areas, the operation management system of the project, the planning and construction of subsequent projects, and the practices of operation and management, the new demand for water dispatching of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is analyzed from the aspects of unconventional water resources utilization, accurate water quantity monitoring, improvement of water price mechanism, and low-carbon operation technology. Finally, in the view of the new development pattern of national water network construction and continuous promotion of high-quality development of the follow-up projects, this paper analyzes the new challenges of water dispatching from the aspects of water dispatching, emergency dispatching capacity improvement and dispatching intelligence under the water network pattern, so as to provide reference for water regulation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in the next stage.
王浩,王超,张召.南水北调工程水量调度十年[J].中国水利,2024(20):1-5.